Over the past few years there has been a great leap in the technology of development of prosthetic limbs. Today companies create prosthetics that feature "mechatronic" elements, which are usually used in creating robots. These elements turn simple prosthetics into functional substitutes for missing body parts.

But that is about to change as surgeons Craig Senders and Travis Tollefson of the University of California, Davis, look forward to apply artificial polymer muscles to revive the facial features of patients suffering from severe paralysis.

"The face is an area where natural-appearing active prosthetics would be particularly welcome," surgeons write in a current patent application. The two experts hope that their latest invention in science will provide a solution. They reported that the tests carried out on cadavers proved to be successful.

A complete example provided in the patent document explains the way artificial muscles work in helping regain control over eyelids of the patients that suffered spinal injuries or have nervous disorders such as Bell's palsy. There are a number of different disadvantages for people who lost control over their eyelids, including the fact that eyes can become ulcerated, which can lead to blindness.

The two surgeons propose using the arrangement presented in the scheme, to handle those problems. Senders and Tollefson describe their invention by saying that a polymer muscle attached to the skull pulls on cords that hook up to the upper and lower eyelids. In case a person attempts to close their eyes, the move generates electrical activity in the muscles that would close the patient's eyelids. The polymer muscle identifies this action and contracts, dragging on its cords to entirely close the eyelids.